Yes, the debates (and the Cooper Union address among other things) were well publicized at the time...but the ability to acquire such information was far more dificult due to a lack of options (newspapers, pamphlets, word of mouth, books) and to get anything in a timely fashion was next to impossible. One had to go out of their way to gain such knowledge in the 1800s. Fortunately for the particpants of that era, Americans involved themselves in the politcal process as we do the NFL today.
Today, in the case of Barack Obama, there are his speeches which are carried live (and then replayed) on C-SPANs, televised interviews & speeches ready to be seen & heard on tv, radio, & online, Wikipedia for quick links and info, his own website and others' dedicated to him, and he has a book out right now that deals exclusively with his political stances. How people might struggle to find out how he thinks and feels is due to laziness and nothing else.